Hypernatremic Dehydration in an Exclusively Breastfed Infant: A Case Report

Abstract

Hypernatremic dehydration is a critical condition characterized by elevated serum sodium levels due to an imbalance between water and sodium in the body. This case report details a 40-day-old male infant, exclusively breastfed, who presented with lethargy, poor feeding, and decreased urine output. Examination revealed signs of severe dehydration, including dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, and a sunken fontanelle. Laboratory investigations confirmed hypernatremia with a serum sodium level of 158 mmol/L and elevated serum osmolality. Management involved careful rehydration with intravenous fluids and continued breastfeeding support. The infant responded well, with normalization of sodium levels and improvement in clinical status. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and intervention in hypernatremic dehydration, particularly in exclusively breastfed infants. It also highlights the need for comprehensive parental education on proper breastfeeding practices and monitoring of infant hydration status. Similar cases in the literature emphasize the significance of timely diagnosis and gradual correction of hypernatremia to prevent complications.